Inflammation, Not Cholesterol, Is the Real Cause of Chronic Disease
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The traditional cholesterol hypothesis has long shaped our understanding of cardiovascular disease (CVD).This theory suggests that high blood cholesterol levels, particularly low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and non-HDL cholesterol, are major risk factors for CVD. While reducing cholesterol has been a cornerstone of dietary and medical guidelines, recent research highlights the limitations of this cholesterol-centric approach.
Rethinking the Cholesterol Hypothesis
Cholesterol is an essential biomolecule required for normal cellular function. While LDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels are associated with cardiovascular risk, it is increasingly clear that focusing solely on reducing cholesterol levels may not address the full picture. Despite aggressive efforts to lower cholesterol, approximately 50% of people who experience a cardiac event have “normal” cholesterol levels
Southern European populations provide a compelling example. These populations enjoy lower rates of cardiovascular mortality despite higher dietary intake of saturated fats and cholesterol. The protective effects of the Mediterranean diet have shifted attention from cholesterol as the primary target to addressing inflammation, which plays a key role in chronic disease and CVD.
Inflammation is now recognised as a driving force in the formation and progression of arterial plaque(atherosclerosis). While other factors like poor diet, smoking, and hypertension contribute to CVD risk, inflammation is the root cause.
The Mediterranean diet (Met-diet) offers bioactive food components with anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects that go beyond cholesterol optimisation. Clinical studies have demonstrated that targeting inflammation through diet, exercise, and lifestyle changes is a more effective strategy for reducing CVD risk than focusing exclusively on serum cholesterol levels
Benefits of the Mediterranean Diet
The Mediterranean diet is associated with significant protective effects against chronic inflammatory diseases, including secondary prevention of CVD. Its benefits include:
- Anti-inflammatory effects: Reducing systemic inflammation that drives plaque formation and progression
- Antioxidative properties: Protecting cells from oxidative stress, a key contributor to chronic diseases
- Comprehensive health benefits: Promoting heart health through nutrient-dense foods like olive oil, vegetables, nuts, and oily fish.
A Shift in Focus: Addressing Inflammation
Recent research underscores that inflammation, rather than the outright composition of serum cholesterol, is the primary driver of CVD. Controlling inflammation through evidence-based strategies such as a healthy diet, regular physical activity, and lifestyle modifications is essential for reducing the incidence of CVD and improving overall health.
CardiAction’s Commitment to Evidence-Based Heart Health
At CardiAction, we are dedicated to empowering individuals with the latest insights into cardiovascular health. Our screening tools and personalised programs help identify and address the root causes of CVD, including inflammation
Take a proactive step toward better heart health by scheduling a cardiovascular screening with CardiAction. Discover how evidence-based lifestyle changes can help you reduce inflammation, improve your heart health, and enhance your overall wellbeing.